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Standard-type battleship : ウィキペディア英語版
Standard-type battleship
The Standard-type battleship was a production line of twelve battleships across five classes ordered for the United States Navy between 1911 and 1916 and commissioned between 1916 and 1923. These were considered super-dreadnoughts, with the ships of the final two classes incorporating many lessons from the Battle of Jutland and known as the "Big Five".
Each vessel was produced with a series of progressive innovations, which contributed to the pre-World War II arms race.〔 Some historians see the American battleships as responses to match innovations introduced by the Imperial Japanese Navy.〔Stefan Terzibaschitch, ''Die Schlachtschiffe der U.S. Navy im 2. Weltkrieg'', J. F. Lehmanns Verlag, Munich, 1977, translated by Heinz O. Vetters and Richard Cox as ''Battleships of the U.S. Navy in World War II'', p.15-21.〕 All of the Standard type vessels constituted the US Navy's main battle line in the interwar period, while many of the earlier dreadnoughts were scrapped or relegated to secondary duties. Restrictions under the 1922 Washington Naval Treaty limited total numbers and size of battleships and had required some under construction to be cancelled, so it was not until the onset of World War II that new battleships were constructed. On December 7, 1941, eight were at Pearl Harbor, one at Bremerton, Washington, and three were assigned to the Atlantic Fleet.
==Doctrine==
The Standard type, by specifying common tactical operational characteristics between classes, allowed battleships of different classes to operate together as a tactical unit (BatDiv) against enemy battleships. By contrast, other navies had fast and slow battleship classes that could not operate together unless limited to the performance of the ship with slowest speed and widest turning circle. Otherwise the battle line would be split into separate "fast" and "slow" wings. The Standard type was optimised for the battleship-centric naval strategy of the era of their design.
The next US battleship classes, beginning with the designed in the late 1930s and commissioned in 1941, marked a departure from the Standard type, introducing the fast battleships needed to escort the aircraft carriers that came to dominate naval strategy.

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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